Over 1000 small butchers left the business after the Louisiana Legislature through the police power granted permission for monopoly. The butchers claimed a violation of the three guarantees of the 14th amendment on; privileges and immunity, equal protection and due process.
Du Bois was a doctoral student at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, was the first African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University (in 1895), and was awarded an honorary doctoral degree from Humboldt-Universität in 1958.
