Answer:
translation
Explanation:
Translation takes place at a ribosome in the cytoplasm. During translation, the genetic code in mRNA is read to make a protein.
<span>The culture contains 2*10^8 bacteria before it was exposed to ionizing radiation which kills 99.99% of the bacteria. The number of bacteria left after the radiation would be:
final number= initial number * (100%- radiation kill rate)
</span>final number= 2*10^8<span> *(100%-99.99%)
</span>final number= 2*10^8 *(0.01%)
final number= 2*10^8 * 10^-6
final number= 2*10^(8-6)
final number= 2*10^2
Answer:
The peptide:MHC class II complex can be recognized by antigen-specific armed ... Some microbial antigens can activate B cells directly in the absence of T-cell help. ... 9-1. The humoral immune response is initiated when B cells that bind antigen ... cells presenting these internal peptides can then activate the B cell to make . Explanation:
Answer:
vaccines were designed by using new technologies (i.e., RNA-based vaccines and adenovirus-based vaccines)
Explanation:
RNA-based vaccines are vaccines based on the delivery of specific messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences that are capable of encoding only one viral protein, thereby preventing the complete viral cycle/replication. Subsequently, this protein is recognized by the immune system that generates memory immunity by synthesizing specific antibodies against this protein (in this case, the spike S protein). On the other hand, adenovirus-based vaccines are vaccines designed by inserting a transgene cassette into an adenovirus which is used as vector to produce one specific viral protein inside the host. Like mRNA vaccines, this antigenic viral protein is then recognized by the immune system in order to produce antibodies against a defined protein epitope, thereby producing memory immunity.
