John Adams proposed George Washington be commander-in-chief.?
A trained, experienced leader during the French and Indian War, Washington was the logical choice to leadthe Continental Army. The Army was formed by the Continental Congress in 1775 after the outbreak of the American Revolution. Washington served as Commander-in-Chief of the army throughout the War
On June 15, Adams formally nominated George Washington as commander in chief of the Continental Army; Washington accepted the post the next day. On June 17, the newly named army fought the Battle of Bunker Hill, as John Adam’s wife, Abigail, and son, John Quincy, watched from their hometown of Braintree.
Jerusalem was conquered by the Romans in 70 AD
The simplest answer here would be the distance.
By distance we mean specifically the distance the areas have from the oceans. The central parts both North America and Asia are far enough from ocean for them to have relatively dry climates. This is because the the moist air from the ocean is prevented by the distance to reach these regions.