Answer:
a. Actual cause and proximate cause
Explanation:
Actual cause is the real cause of an event (i.e accident) while proximate cause is the reason that the law sees as the cause of the injury from the accident.
I believe its D. If i’m wrong, you can let me know and i’ll try again.
The answer is A) roman common law
Rehabilitation of offenders replaced punishment as the penal system's primary objective.