This is called a federal republic. The states have their own laws that apply to them. They also have a set of federal laws that apply to all members of a federation. The United States are a federal republic because the government is a federal and nation wide, but the states have their own powers too.
It is the fifth admendment for due process of law
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During WW2 Georgia was fundamental for the creation of military hardware going from ammo to airplane and during the Cold War time frame rockets and parts for satellites