ALL these microorganisms can represent common types of pathogens at the beach. In consequence, it is imperative to take precaution measures to avoid infections.
The sand at the beach may contain dog feces, which is known to transport <em>Toxocara canis</em>, a parasite roundworm able to infect humans.
Moreover, samples of beach sand may also contain different types of pathogenic bacteria (e.g., <em>Staphylococcus species, E. coli, Enterobacteriacea</em>, etc) and viruses (e.g., enteroviruses, hepatitis A, Norwalk viruses, reoviruses, rotaviruses, etc).
In consequence, it is imperative to wash hands with soap and water when touching beach sand that is suspected to be contaminated.
Finally, marine water may also be contaminated with different zoonotic protozoa such as, among others, <em>Giardia, Cryptosporidium </em>and <em>Toxoplasma. </em>
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