Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi (targeted Georgia). The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West.<span>Nullification Crisis</span>
Concerning contemporary cases about the establishment clause, the defining point in determining constitutionality in Van Orden v. Perry and McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union of Kentucky seems to be that of
secular versus religious purposes.
For nearly the first 100 years after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Supreme Court interpreted the equal protection clause to
permit a system of segregated social facilities.
Geronimo lead the Apache Tribe.
Slavery during the 17th century worked more like indentured servitude. The first blacks to come to the Americas were indentured servants. They worked off the debt of their passage and were given land following their servitude. The whole system of indentured servitude fell away after land resources became limited. Blacks were allowed to purchase their freedom, buy land, even some having their own slaves. As the colonies entered into the 18th century, the black population was increasing as slave labor became more important to the plantations. Increasing numbers coupled with slave revolts led to the creation of slave laws in many of the colonies. These laws made slavery lifelong and a status associated with birth to a slave mother. Though slavery was becoming less common in the British Empire, when the US became independent, slavery became a part of the new country's economy and social structure.
