Answer:
Catherine II, most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was the last reigning Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796 – the country's longest-ruling female leader.
Explanation:
It would be the "flying buttress" that is the the architectural support added to the exterior of a Gothic building that forms an arch, since this is what actually separates most gothic structures from similar buildings.
Naturalization: the process that give someone citizenship in a new country.
Participate: to take an active part in something.
Resident alien: a person living in a country who is not a citizen.
Citizen: a member of a nation who is entitled to its protection.
The catholic counter-reformation was the church's response to the events of the protestant reformation. Thousands of people flocked to new Protestantism, leaving the catholic church behind. The catholic church decided to try and reform the church from within. Hope this answer helps. (:
