Answer:
a. positive; negative
Explanation:
Transcription is the process of forming an RNA molecule from a DNA template molecule. In this process, the strands of DNA separate and one serves as a template for RNA, while the other is inactive. At the end of the transcript, the tapes that have been split back together again.
The transcription process is divided into three steps: initiation, stretching and termination
During the stretching phase, transcription chain elongation occurs. In this phase the enzyme called RNA polymerase starts to move through the DNA molecule, unwinding its helix and producing an increasingly lengthened RNA molecule. The already transcribed DNA is rewound almost immediately, recomposing its double helix. This process is called the elongation phase.
During this process, it is believed that positive supercoils are generated ahead of the transcription bubble and and the negative supercoils behind it.
Answer:
rise over run
Explanation:
rise refers to the number of units going u or down a graph
run refers to the number of units going left or right
it is seen as so; 
, 
, or 
Don't panic when I included "delta". Delta, it refers/means the small mathematical triangle found beside the rise and run symbols of y and x
Answer:
The answer is 16.
Explanation:
Somatic cells include all the cells in the body except for the reproductive cells. Haploid cells are used to represent the reproductive cells which have half the chromosome as the somatic cells. So if there are 32 sister chromatids in a somatic cell, which means there are 16 chromosomes, then the haploid number for it is 16 chromatids. I hope this answer helps.
Autotrophs, by definition, are organisms that are able to internally manufacture their own food. Autotrophs, also known as producers, are organisms that obtain their energy by converting light energy into chemical energy, via photosynthesis. Photosynthesizing plants are an example of autotrophs.
Heterotrophs, by definition, are organisms that are unable to internally manufacture their own food. Heterotrophs, also known as consumers, are organisms that obtain their energy by consuming other organisms. Humans are an example of heterotrophs.
