B. An agreement to boycott all British imports and stop exporting to Britain and its colonies
This is the closest answer. The Continental Association was a response to the Intolerable Acts in an attempt to have it repealed. The goal was to create enough hardship for Britain that they would be persuaded to repeal the Acts.
Although this depends slightly on what period you're referring to during this time, the best answer would be that "Immigrants" made up the largest percentage of workers in American industry during the late nineteenth century, since the economy had shifted towards industrial output as opposed to agrarian output.
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Disadvantages of war include death and injury of large numbers of people, loss of economic resources, destruction of the environment, loss of productivity and lasting damage to military personnel.
I believe the correct answer from the choices listed above is option C. An important factor in the development of the British Empire in the 19th century was its naval supremacy. At this time, it emerged as the principal naval and imperial power (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Hope this answers the question.