A parliamentary republic is one where a parliament has its own head of state that is not connected to the president. This is usually in the form of a prime minister and often this prime minister has even more power than the president. An example can be Germany that has a chancellor that is more important than the president and the president has almost no power.
A. It became clear that the nations that lasted the longest would win. - Apex
Although there are no options attached, we can comment on the following.
One way in which African states or societies changed as a result of the spread of Islam in the period circa 1200 to 1450 was the way the culture had to adapt to Muslim customs. Let's set the example of the Mali Empire.
The Mali Empire started in 1240 and ended in 1645 CE. It was Sundiata who decided to centralize the government, developed a great army and established the presence of Islam in the Empire, which intermingled with previous African religious beliefs. It was Mansa Musa who took the empire to new levels of development, controlling the trade routes of the time and increasing the power and presence of the Mali Empire.
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D. publication of Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique
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