Answer: output
Explanation: output is the same as productivity because output means the outcome of all the factor input during the production process which can be raw materials, capital and other cost incurred.
The level and quantity of output produced also determine the performance of the industry.
Profits from a sole proprietorship are reported as taxable income and (B) are subject to a self-employment tax of approximately 15%.
Explanation:
Sole proprietors are asked to contribute to both the Social Security and Medicare systems,this type of contributions is known as the "self-employment taxes."
Self-employment taxes are considered equal to the payroll tax in case of an employees of a business. Regular employees are said to make their contributions to the above mentioned two programs in form of deductions fr, sole proprietors make such contributions when the pay their income tax
The rate of self-employment tax is 15.3%, which is further divided as 12.4% of Social Security and 2.9% of Medicare .
Thus we can say that Profits from a sole proprietorship are reported as taxable income and (B) are subject to a self-employment tax of approximately 15%.
A customer who sold a bond at a loss must wait how long before he can buy back a substantially identical bond and not have the sale classified as a wash sale?
30 days.
Monopolistic competition is the economic market model with many sellers selling similar, but not identical, products. The demand curve of monopolistic competition is elastic because although the firms are selling differentiated products, many are still close substitutes, so if one firm raises its price too high, many of its customers will switch to products made by other firms. This elasticity of demand makes it similar to pure competition where elasticity is perfect. Demand is not perfectly elastic because a monopolistic competitor has fewer rivals then would be the case for perfect competition, and because the products are differentiated to some degree, so they are not perfect substitutes.
Monopolistic competition has a downward sloping demand curve. Thus, just as for a pure monopoly, its marginal revenue will always be less than the market price, because it can only increase demand by lowering prices, but by doing so, it must lower the prices of all units of its product. Hence, monopolistically competitive firms maximize profits or minimize losses by producing that quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost, both over the short run and the long run.
The term spillover refers to a market exchange that affects a third party who is outside or external to the exchange
