<h3><u>Answer and explanation;</u></h3>
- This can be done by<u> DNA sequencing which is the process of determining the accurate order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule</u>.
- By doing a DNA sequencing for the two sequences of DNA from the two species it will help compare the number of random mutations which have occurred in a molecular clock in the two species - that is, seeing how different the sequences are.
- This will make it possible to infer how long ago the species diverged.
Species A: GTTGAGCTAGTATGGACC
Species B: GATAAGCTAGTAAGGTCA
These species differ in 5 nucleotides.
This number should be multiplied by the rate of mutations; that is;
5 × 15 million years =75 million years.
Alcohol fermentation refers to the anaerobic procedure that comprises the transformation of sugars like glucose into alcohol and carbon dioxide due to the activity of yeasts. On the other hand, aerobic respiration refers to the procedure of generating cellular energy in the presence of oxygen.
The similarity between the process of aerobic respiration and alcohol fermentation is that both initiate with the process of glycolysis.
At neutral pH, the ionic group COO- on succinate makes bonds with the active site of succinate dehydrogenase. This bonding is required for succinate oxidation.
<h3>What is
succinate oxidation?</h3>
In the Krebs cycle , succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, with the resulting electrons being supplied to respiratory chain complex III to decrease oxygen and produce water.
SDH oxidizes succinate to fumarate during the citric acid cycle. SDH is structurally similar to fumarate reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes the opposite process during anaerobic respiration in bacteria.
Learn more about succinate oxidation:
brainly.com/question/28167332
#SPJ1
Answer:
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or more rarely dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group, namely that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
Explanation:
Dicots typically also have flower parts (sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils) based on a plan of four or five, or multiples thereof, although there are exceptions. The leaves are net-veined in most, which means the vessels that conduct water and food show a mesh like pattern. In the stems the vessels are usually arranged in a continuous ring near the stem surfarce