The answer is the detection
of heat and touch. The integumentary system consists of the skin, nails, glands,
hairs, and nerves. The nerves are responsible for sensing stimuli including pressure, heat, and touch. Another
example of its function is acting as a physical
barrier against harmful microorganisms and excretion.
Answer:
Characteristics of Fungi
Fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophic organisms.
They may be unicellular or filamentous.
They reproduce by means of spores.
Fungi exhibit the phenomenon of alternation of generation.
Fungi lack chlorophyll and hence cannot perform photosynthesis.
Answer:
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
Chromosomes are the homologous chromosomes that cross over
The answer is B. 0.5 ounce
A standard drink should have around 14gram or 0.5 ounce or alcohol content. The volume of alcohol would be vary in different drinks because of the different alcohol concentration. Standard drink on different beverage would be 12 ounches of beer, 5 ouches of wine or 1.5 ounches of spirits.