Answer:
a) positive symptoms/negative symptoms
Explanation:
Schizophrenia is a chronic and often disabling mental disorder that affects a person's behavior, is a psychosis in which the affected can't tell what's real and what's imagined, in this context, positive means the presence and negative de absence of symptoms.
- <em>Positive symptoms: </em>Hallucinations (auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory or gustatory) and delusions (strange beliefs that can be persecutory, religious, somatics, etc.) are the principal ones <em>(distortion or an excess of normal function as seen in the exercise given)</em>
- <em>Negative Symptoms: </em>Withdrawal, struggling with the basics of daily life, trouble with speech <em>(social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions as seen in the example)</em>
Answer: 4
(IV)
Explanation:
From the question, the researcher is interested in determining whether smiling and warmth impact the number of friends one has.
The variables are; Amount of smiling (a little, a lot) and self-rated warmth (cold, warm).
Manipulating the variables by the researcher or experimenter is called the free variables(IV). It is free to be varied. What is to be measured is called the dependent variable(∆V); it depends in the manipulation of free variables
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Reaction to consciousness in the form of an idea or desire that is diametrically opposed to the unconscious impulse.Freud called this a "reaction" or "believing the opposite" in a defense mechanism where a person behaves the opposite as anxious.
<h3>What are the theories of defense mechanisms given by Freud?</h3>
According to Freud's theory of personality, the mind has 3 forces: id (unconscious), superego (partial towards moral and social values), and ego (moderates id and superego and is partly conscious).
When the situation arises where the needs of the id clash with the needs of the superego, the outcome results in anxiety.
The ego deploys self-deception strategies to avoid discomfort and lessen the tension. The unacceptable thought or emotion may be denied, rationalized, or pushed on someone else.
So, here, option A is correct as anxiety or anxious feelings are the outcome of the clash of two forces.
For further information about Freud's defense mechanism and its theory, visit here.
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