Answer:
Trophic Cascade
Explanation:
Trophic cascade is when the ecosystem experiences a level of a certain species being reduced or removed.
Remains the same: proton pumping rate, electron transport rate, rate of oxygen uptake
Decreases or goes to zero: Rate of ATP synthesis, size of the proton gradient
<span>(Gramicidin causes membranes to become very leaky to protons, so that a proton gradient cannot be maintained and ATP synthesis stops. However, the leakiness of the membrane has no effect on the ability of electron transport to pump protons. Thus, the rates of proton pumping, electron transport, and oxygen uptake remain unchanged.)</span>
Leptin hormone is the hormones which appears to be designed to protect the body against weight loss.
Leptin hormone is secreted from fat cells and it helps to regulate body weight. Leptin hormone is predominantly made by adipose cell that help to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger. leptin hormone is opposed by the action of the ghrelin hormone which is a hunger hormone/
<span>it's intertidal zone, temperature fluctuations, clams</span>
Answer:
protein capsid
Explanation:
virus is a disease causing agent containing a protein capsid which is made up of protein called Capsomere. The capsid contain the genetic information or material of virus.
Virus which do not contain envelop is called naked virus.
the uses of capside are to protect the genetic material, transfer the genome and interaction with host cell.
