Answer:
a. ATP and NADPH
Explanation:
Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis include splitting of water in the presence of sunlight and release of electrons. The electrons move from the reaction center of the PS-II via electron carriers to the PS-I. From the reaction center of PS-I, the electrons finally reach NADP reductase and reduce NADP into NADPH.
During this electron transfer via electron carriers, a proton concentration gradient is generated across the thylakoid membrane. The energy of this gradient is used to drive ATP synthesis. ATP and NADPH formed during the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis are then used during the reactions of the Calvin cycle.
Answer: i would say the answer is D
Explanation: srry if i got it wrong
Answer:
The correct answer is - operation of reflex arc.
Explanation:
The reflex arc is a unique and special type of neural pathway that starts with a sensory neuron and ends with a motor neuron. In this operation sensory neuron acts as the receptor and motor neuron is effector. This type of neural circuit helps in faster response.
Voluntary muscles like quadriceps muscle are normally in control voluntarily however, such muscle may contract involuntary due to reflex arc. This type of contraction takes place before the signal has even reached the brain.
In this response the sensory neuron takes the signal to the spinal cord and then motor neuron to the effector muscle for faster response.
Thus, the correct answer is - operation of reflex arc.
This membrane mimics the plasma membrane that is around animal cells. In order to explore how water moves in and out of a cell, one cell was weighed and then submerged in hypertonic solution. The other egg was weighted and submerged in hypotonic solution. It was predicted that the egg submerged in hypertonic solution would decrease in mass. It was predicted that the egg submerged in hypotonic solution would increase in mass.
Explanation:
The outermost covering of an animal cell is the plasma membrane. It is a selectively permeable membrane that allows only selective molecules to pass through it.
A solution having higher concentration of solute than the cell cytoplasm is called a hypertonic solution.
A solution having lower concentration of solute than the cell cytoplasm is called the hypotonic solution.
The movement of water molecules from the region of its higher concentration to the region of its lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.
A cell placed in hypertonic solution will undergo exosmosis so it will lose water and its mass will decrease.
A cell placed in hypotonic solution will undergo endosmosis of water so it will gain water and its mass will increase.
