The vice president and some other people i think<span />
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
 The after-tax cost is $23,940
Explanation:
For computing the after-tax cost, first we have to compute the present value which is shown below:
Present value = Bill payment × marginal tax rate 
                        = $38,000 × 37%
                        = $14,060
So, after tax value would equal to
= Bill payment or Pre tax value - Present value
= $38,000 - $14,060
= $23,940
 
        
             
        
        
        
Low-income countries have cultures that value economic survival. These type of countries do not have a lot of high paying jobs and the job market is very unstable, so citizens find it imperative to have enough income to survive. These types of countries do not have much in the way of entertainment culture or pop culture, due to people having so little extra money to spend on both.
        
             
        
        
        
The government began to print more money. The increase in the ‘money supply’ which happens faster than the economic growth leads to inflation. When the government prints more money then it brings down the value of the money in the market.