<span>Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War. Though the Union victory had given some 4 million slaves their freedom, the question of freed blacks’ status in the postwar South was still very much unresolved. Under black codes, many states required blacks to sign yearly labor contracts; if they refused, they risked being arrested, fined and forced into unpaid labor. Outrage over black codes helped undermine support for President Andrew Johnson and the Republican Party.</span>
Answer:
Lincoln made three legal arguments against secession and closed with an appeal to the common heritage of the North and the South in the Revolution.
Explanation:
In virtue of the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, U.S. World War I veterans were granted certificates, or bonuses, for their service in the Armed Forces during the Great War to be redeemed in 1945. Due to the onset of the Depression, in 1932, a large group of veterans out of jobs and desperate to get some money to support their families, marched to Washington D.C. where they camped in order to request the government to honor the bonuses well ahead of their redemption date. The government refused and had U.S. Army units remove the demonstrators by the force of arms, including six tanks, resulting in two World War I veterans killed and over a thousand injured. Four years later the Congress ordered the payment of the certificates nine years before their redemption date.
Under the ordinance, slavery was forever outlawed from the lands of the Northwest Territory, freedom of religion and other civil liberties were guaranteed, the resident Indians were promised decent treatment, and education was provided for.
