Answer:
Nearly 12,500 women were transported to Van Diemen's Land, mostly for petty theft. This was roughly the same number as were sent to New South Wales. Two-thirds arrived after 1840, when transportation to New South Wales ceased. There were three phases of female transportation to Van Diemen's Land: exile or open prison (1803–13), assignment (1814–42), and probation (1843–53). In each, the numbers of convict women arriving in Van Diemen's Land increased, and they were subjected to more severe penal conditions.
From 1803 to 1813, about ninety convict women arrived. As the colonial population grew, so did the demand for female convict labour. Convict women were employed in domestic service, washing and on government farms, and were expected to find their own food and lodging. Punishment for those who transgressed was humiliating and public. Exile itself was considered a catalyst for reform. Economic and social opportunities allowed significantly improved circumstances for some convict women, while others struggled.
During the second period, from 1814 to 1842, just over 5400 female convicts arrived. In 1840, the number increased significantly when transportation to New South Wales ceased, and all female convicts were shipped to Van Diemen's Land. In this second period, transportation of convict women was characterised by the development of clearly articulated policies with an unequivocal economic and moral focus. Convict women were assigned as domestic labour, and were encouraged to reform though a system of rewards and indulgences, such as the ticket-of-leave, which permitted the holder to work for any employer for wages and to choose her own residence.
15th Amendment extended voting rights to African-American men.
19th Amendment extended voting rights to women.
23rd Amendment extended voting rights to citizens in DC.
24th Amendment prohibited the prior poll tax.
26th Amendment extended voting rights to those at least 18 years old.
The correct answer is New Federalism.
This policy of Richard Nixon focused on giving state and local government more power in solving social issues within their respective territories. Nixon felt that the federal government was too large and intrusive in scope ever since the New Deal programs developed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The New Federalism program would help to get rid of this oversight and allow states/cities to have more control over the funds they received from the federal government.
Answer: A. The Supreme Court ruled that agencies enforcing the act were
defining "disability" too broadly.
Explanation: During the 1980’s, it became clear to the disability community that it should play a very active role in Supreme Court litigation under Section 504. The first Section 504 case which was decided by the Supreme Court in 1979, Southeastern Community College v. Davis, 442 U.S.397, revealed at best, a lack of understanding, and also a hostility toward even applying the concept of discrimination to exclusion based on disability. In that case, a hearing impaired women was seeking admission to the nursing program of Southeastern Community College. The court found that Ms. Davis’s hearing impairment disqualified her to participate in the program because she would not be able to fulfill all of the clinical requirements. However, the Court did not limit itself to the fate of Ms. Davis, but included within the decision several very broad negative interpretations of Section 504.
