When Aryans invaded India, Circa 1500 B.C. they did not come with a language which had any known name.They would have spoken a kind of minor language with no script or literature.They found Tamil, a highly developed language, spoken throughout the Indian sub-continent up to Baluchistan in the Himalayas. Tamil was found to be a language with 3 independent fields of ‘Iyal (Prose),Isai(Music)and Natakam(Drama)’ .Dr.Vincent Smith, a noted British historian, in his book on Early Indian History, refers to the contribution of Tamil especially words borrowed by Aryans into their language. Tamil had developed advanced grammar, as proved by the great grammar treatise ‘Tholkappiam’. Later, Panini’s Sanskrit grammar, has borrowed heavily from ‘Tholokappiam’.For e.g. ‘Sandhi rules’ of sentence construction.
There is no evidence of the Aryans having spoken any kind of significant language as they entered India.If they had spoken a significant language,the remnants of it should be spoken now in the area from where Aryans migrated.
The last great emperor in the Ottoman Empire was Mehmed VI or as Vahideddin.
Arnold J. Toynbee (1889 – 1975) was a British and philosopher remembered for his great “Study of History” which is a big work of 12 volumes that analyze 21 civilizations; their rises and falls.
His work is a combination of philosophical and objective thoughts, so this insures the combination of facts that are analyzed from two perspectives, because he is using concrete historical events combined with his philosophical and empirical ideas. That is why many historians, philosophers, sociologists, political scientists are interested in his books and how civilizations emerged, grew, declined and dissolve themselves.
The correct answer is true
