Answer:
c. a high percentage of very long chain saturated fatty acids
Explanation:
Saturated fatty acids do not have double bonds (they are saturated with hydrogens), so their tails are relatively straight. Unsaturated fatty acids, on the other hand, contain one or more double bonds, which often produces an elbow or bend. (You can see an example of an unsaturated bent tail in the phospholipid structure diagram that appears at the beginning of this article.) Saturated and unsaturated phospholipid fatty acid tails behave differently when the temperature drops:
- At colder temperatures, the straight tails of saturated fatty acids can be tightly bound, producing a dense and quite rigid membrane.
- Phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tails cannot bind so closely due to the bent structure of their tails. For this reason, an unsaturated phospholipid membrane remains fluid at lower temperatures than a saturated phospholipid membrane.
Most cell membranes contain a mixture of phospholipids, some with two saturated (straight) tails and others with a saturated tail and an unsaturated (folded) tail. <u>Many organisms — fish, for example — can adapt physiologically to cold environments by changing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in their membranes, that is, increasing the proportion of saturated long-chain fatty acids.</u>
In addition to phospholipids, animals have an additional component in their membrane that helps them maintain fluidity. Cholesterol, another type of lipid that is embedded between the membrane phospholipids, helps decrease the effects of temperature on fluidity.
Primary consumers<span> only obtain a fraction of the total solar energy—about 10%—captured by the producers they eat. The other 90% is used by the producer for growth, reproduction, and survival, or it is lost as </span>heat<span>. You can probably see where this is going. Primary consumers are eaten by </span>secondary consumers<span>. An example would be birds that eat bugs that eat leaves. </span>Secondary consumers<span> are eaten by </span>tertiary consumers<span>. Cats that eat birds that eat bugs that eat leaves, for instance.</span>
Your answer is a hope this help
Lines of longitude and latitude help people in finding locations by making the location easier with accuracy on a globe. For example if you had 90 degrees longitude west and 40 degrees latitude east. The lines in which those two intersect is the location. This makes locating very easy and this is what pilots use to travel to different locations.
It’s going to be Hydrogen bonding
