They did it by being better than anyone else at metalworking. They had a strong and developed iron industry and they traded a lot with other nations so they could amass large amounts of wealth. They also made textile out of cotton and had large amounts of gold, so it was easy for them to become dominant.
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Although it was unsuccessful, the Crusades introduced Europeans to the luxury of the Muslim civilization. When the Crusaders brought home silks, porcelain, spices and other goods, demand for these things in Europe began to grow, especially as the emerging bourgeois class of Europeans became a market for these luxury goods.
The welfare of a country depends on various factors, including access to education, health, the right to security, low unemployment rates among others.
There are different indicators created in order to effectively measure welfare in a country. The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita, shows the amount of income after it has been evenly distributed among all of the citizens of a country. This, however, does not assess the issue of determining if, in fact, the income is being distributed equally. For this purpose, there is another indicator called the GINI index, which measures the actual equality in the distribution of income among the citizens of a country.
Defence of member nations
