The energy release from sequential redox reactions provides energy to cells most directly by Using that energy to pump protons.
- By transferring electrons during chemical reactions, catabolic pathways break down organic molecules, generating energy that is then used to produce ATP.
- In an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, the process of losing electrons (making a chemical more positive) is referred to as oxidation, while the process of gaining electrons (making a substance more negative) is referred to as reduction.
- The inner mitochondrial membrane's electron transport chain receives electrons from NADH and FADH2, which causes an H+ accumulation in the inner membrane space.
- The direct energy source for ATP synthesis is this proton gradient (gradient of H+) flowing via the membrane enzyme complex ATP synthetase.
learn more about redox reactions here: brainly.com/question/10488067
#SPJ4
1. Hydropower
2. Solar
3. Coal
4. Oil
5. Biomass
Answer: natrual selection is the process by which organisms with more beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
Answer:
Latitude provides the location of a place north or south of the equator and is expressed by angular measurements ranging from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles. Different latitudes on Earth receive different amounts of sunlight, and are a key factor in determining a region’s climate. For example, the higher the latitude of a given place (the farther away it is from the equator), the sharper the angle of the sun’s rays that reach it, meaning that the rays of the sun are spread across a broader area. Therefore, higher latitudes receive less heat than lower latitude areas nearer the equator.
