Answer:
DNA molecular weight standard controls, also known as DNA ladders
Explanation:
A DNA ladder is a molecular-weight size marker used to identify the size of the PCR products in a gel electrophoresis. The DNA ladder consists of a solution containing double-stranded DNA fragments with different molecular weights including, among others, 50 base pairs (bp), 100 bp, 1000 bp and 3000 bp DNA fragments. The concentration of each DNA fragment in the DNA ladder must be sufficiently high to be visualized on the electrophoresis gel.
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C. All cells are produced by other living cells
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The correct answer is option (C) One student measures liquids for the experiment by holding the flask up at eye level. The other student measures liquids for the experiment while the flask sits on the table. Measuring liquids by holding the flask at eye level is the greatest amount of error in the experiment.
When liquid is being measured in a flask, the liquid shows a curve downwards which is called the meniscus. For measuring the transparent liquids, the lower meniscus touching the graduation of the should be considered and for measuring the colored liquids, the upper meniscus touching the graduation of the flask should be considered. When, the measurement is done by holding the flask at eye level there is always an error as it should be kept on a flat surface and measured by eyes directly leveling with the liquid. This gives a correct measurement which was done by the other student. Thus, one student measuring the liquid by holding the flask at eye level will have a wrong measurement and the other student measuring the liquid while the flask sits on the table gives the correct measurement and the results of the experiment will vary.
The chemical reactions in the cell would not happen as fast and would require more energy to catalyze the reaction between the two reactants.
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Chemistry/ Example: Take breathing for example, when you breath you breath out carbon dioxide. The CO2 can't just leave like that and only 10% binds to hemoglobin. The rest turns into carbonic acid in your blood and its plasma. However, the acid is unstable, so it turns into bicarbonate and a dissociated proton (H). You have carbonic anhydrase that converts the two so you can breath out CO2; the carbonic acid separates into H2O and CO2. This process would take a LONG time without the enzyme-- CO2 build up, even minimal amounts it lethal.