Answer:
Cancer cells such as Hela cells escape to normal cell cycle by mutations that lead to the misexpression and/or overexpression of regulatory molecules (e.g., cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases) and faulty checkpoint control of the cell cycle
Explanation:
The term cell cycle refers to the mechanism of DNA replication and cell division, which involves a series of sequential steps. The control of the cell cycle depends on 1-cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that regulate the cell cycle by a cascade of protein phosphorylations and 2- a group of checkpoint controls that monitor the completion of critical cellular events. HeLa is an immortalized cell line derived from cervical cancer cells. These cells (HeLa) contain 76 to 80 total chromosomes (instead of the 46 chromosomes that contain normal-diploid body cells), some of which are heavily mutated. These mutations can affect CDKs that control the cell cycle as well as checkpoint-control mechanisms (for example, those resulting from DNA damage), thereby cells do not enter programmed cell death (apoptosis) and proliferate uncontrollably.
Answer: Pentose phosphate pathway produces ribose-5-phosphate sugars that are used in the production of DNA and RNA molecules.
Explanation: Pentose phosphate pathway takes place in the cytosol like glycolysis, with its end products being ribose-5-phosphate sugars and NADH used in production of RNA and DNA.
Difference between these pathways are that the pentose phosphate is anabolic. It uses alot of energy, NADPH and ATP for building. Unlike glycolysis its primary function is not energy production, which on the other hand glycolysis is catabolic, primarily leading to the the production of energy.
The pumping of the heart is tied to the respiratory system
Answer:
For APEX: A decline in the native species of beetle.
Explanation:
Answer:no change, increase, decrease
Explanation:
