The North Pole is not going through a period of several weeks without night, but instead, it is going for several months without night. The areas that are a bit more south than the North Pole have several weeks of just day, and several weeks of just night, but the pole itself is more extreme. This occurs because of the inclination of the Earth, so in certain periods of the year it is either exclusively exposed towards the Sun, or it is totally out of its reach.
The climate in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran is mainly Desert.
Those places are located around the Middle East area and the Middle East is covered in dry hot sand so it'll make sense that Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran is a desert.
