Answer:
b. $2 billion trade surplus with country B.
Explanation:
When a country exports more than it imports, it is said that the country has a trade surplus. On the other hand, when a country imports more than it exports, it is said that the country has a trade deficit.
In this case, exports to country B are worth $10 billion which are larger than the $8 billion of imports from country B. Country A's trade surplus is given by:

Therefore, the answer is alternative b.
First off, the lenders were simply in a position to do so. Secondly, there was an incredible amount of risk involved in loans to pilgrims. Early settlers had numerous obstacles to overcome, such as harsh winters, poor crop yields and the voyage alone to the new world was extremely risky. Dead people cannot pay debts, but those who lived on could. The high risk resulted in high interest rates.