Answer:
E. They decrease the rate at which Ras hydrolyzes GTP.
Explanation:
Activated Ras has GTP bound to it, this propagates an intracellular signal to the nucleus where cell proliferation is induced. Thereafter proliferation is switched off by the hydrolysis of the bound GTP to GDP.
Therefore decreasing the rate of GTP hydrolysis causes Ras to remain active, ultimately leading to uncontrollable proliferation characteristic of cancer.
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The substance must be able to alter its physical characteristic (for example, its color) in accordance to a change in pH. One example of this is litmus paper, which becomes red under acidic conditions and blue under basic conditions.
Cutoff signals are signals used by the animals for communication between them. These signals are behaviors. Examples are: the animal freezes, turns the back to other animals, moves away, ....
Cut-off signals are usually given after a conflict. One reason animals use cutoff signals is to:
D. encourage compromise between potential adversaries
If cut-off signals are not respected, conflict will escalate.