Answer:
(a) Adam Smith - Believed that that in a capitalist, free-market system, all economic agents are coordinated under "the invisible hand", and this results in the benefit of all of them.
(b) Thomas Malthus - Believed that while increased food production rose standards of living, the effect was only temporary, because the same rise in food supply lead to a rise in population growth, and there would a time when there would be too many people to be fed. (the Malthusian Catastrophe).
(c) David Ricardo - He opposed mercantilism, and argued instead that unrestrained free trade benefited every nations. This is because of the concept of comparative advantage: under a free trade systems, nations would specialize in those industries they do best, and import anything that they do not produce.
To measure their level of understanding the marketers could use the comprehension and reaction test in which it is would assess if the commercials in the television that are being watched by the twelfth graders are being understood and they could also identify it base on the reactions that they are giving and the behaviors that they show or respond.
The answer is A. Rise faster than the inflation rate
In 1994, Richard J. Herrnstein and political scientist Charles Murray p<span>ublished a controversial book entitled the bell curve in which they implied that people from lower socioeconomic classes are poor because they are less intelligent.
According to them, the lower amount of intelligence make this people unable to compete with their smarter counterparts in the workforce, which keep them from climbing the economic ladder</span>
