The red graph is the result of a vertical translation, 4 units down, of the black graph.
This means that, whenever the black graph associates

The red graph must associate 4 less to the same input:

So, the equation for the red graph is

or, equivalently,

Answer: indirect characterization
Step-by-step explanation:
Indirect characterization is a method of indicating what a character is like by revealing their personality through descriptions of their actions, speech, appearance, and interactions with other characters.
Answer:
The answer is "descriptive statistics".
Step-by-step explanation:
Descriptive statistics are short descriptive factors that add up a production set, that can be either a reflection of a whole or a sample population. It is broken down into cumulative frequency measurements and variance measurements. The study uses descriptive statistics to explain the profile of the respondents. People give simple summaries about the sample as well as the actions.
Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:
Given the expression 
According to the law of logarithm;
loga + log b = log(ab) and log a - log b = log(a/b)
The given expression becomes;
