Based on Oliver's situation and his parents poor credit score, a recommended federal loan that could be appropriate for him would be the Subsidized Stafford Loan. This loan is based on financial need. The interest is paid for by the government while Oliver would be in school.
I’m guessing they will use the popular votes.
The private company who owns the stock offered in an Initial Public Offering gains money. IPO's are stocks offered for the first in the stock market. Companies who wants capital to expand their businesses usually offer IPO to the public. Investing in an IPO is risky because private companies who offered them does not have historical data yet for investors to analyze.