Its the Gold Rush which occured in 1848.
Esperanza grows and matures in several ways. At the beginning of the novel, she is a wealthy girl without a trouble in the world and is largely ignorant to the problems of people around her. She is forced to leave behind everything she knows and overnight, goes from a carefree young girl to a desperate migrant worker.
The direct cause if WW1 was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Providing women, girls and men with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes.