Answer:
Circle - Phosphate group
Rectangle - Nitrogen base
Middle - Pentose sugar
Explanation:
Answer:
The preceding section reviewed the major metabolic reactions by which the cell obtains and stores energy in the form of ATP. This metabolic energy is then used to accomplish various tasks, including the synthesis of macromolecules and other cell constituents. Thus, energy derived from the breakdown of organic molecules (catabolism) is used to drive the synthesis of other required components of the cell. Most catabolic pathways involve the oxidation of organic molecules coupled to the generation of both energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADH). In contrast, biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways generally involve the use of both ATP and reducing power (usually in the form of NADPH) for the production of new organic compounds. One major biosynthetic pathway, the synthesis of carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O during the dark reactions of photosynthesis, was discussed in the preceding section. Additional pathways leading to the biosynthesis of major cellular constituents (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) are reviewed in the sections that follow.
Go to:
Carbohydrates
In addition to being obtained directly from food or generated by photosynthesis, glucose can be synthesized from other organic molecules. In animal cells, glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) usually starts with lactate (produced by anaerobic glycolysis), amino acids (derived from the breakdown of proteins), or glycerol (produced by the breakdown of lipids). Plants (but not animals) are also able to synthesize glucose from fatty acids—a process that is particularly important during the germination of seeds, when energy stored as fats must be converted to carbohydrates to support growth of the plant. In both animal and plant cells, simple sugars are polymerized and stored as polysaccharides.
Gluconeogenesis involves the conversion of pyruvate to glucose—essentially the reverse of glycolysis. However, as discussed earlier, the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate is an energy-yielding pathway, generating two molecules each of ATP and NADH. Although some reactions of glycolysis are readily reversible, others will proceed only in the direction of glucose breakdown, because they are associated with a large decrease in free energy. These energetically favorable reactions of glycolysis are bypassed during gluconeogenesis by other reactions (catalyzed by different enzymes) that are coupled to the expenditure of ATP and NADH in order to drive them in the direction of glucose synthesis. Overall, the generation of glucose from two molecules of pyruvate requires four molecules of ATP, two of GTP, and two of NADH. This process is considerably more costly than the simple reversal of glycolysis (which would require two molecules of ATP and two of NADH), illustrating the additional energy required to drive the pathway in the direction of biosynthesis.
<u>Question</u>:
Which value is being measured in the columns labeled "Fraction remaining” and "Percentage remaining”?
-
years of decay
- quantity of energy
- number of stable atoms
- amount of material that has not decayed
<u>Answer</u>:
"Amount of material that has not decayed" being measured in the columns labelled "Fraction remaining” and "Percentage remaining”
<u>Explanation</u>:
The table shown below having explains about the half life , the amount of sample in both fraction and percentage. The first column named half life elapsed tells us the the number of half life that that is completed. Half life is the time taken for an element to reduce or decay into half of its initial amount.
The fraction remaining column gives the amount of sample that is left behind after the half life particular number of half life has completed. similarly the percentage remaining column gives the amount of sample in percentage. For example, the 5th row tells us that after 4 half life is over 
of the sample remained. In percentage it is 6.25%
Answer:
In the gragh y-intercept is the point.
Answer:
<em><u>Eukaryotic cells</u></em> contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while <em><u>prokaryotic cells</u></em> do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.
