An analogy is a comparison of two things. You can even make graphs to compare the two things, this is an example of an analogy.
That is a fragment.
This is just a dependent clause. This doesn't have a subject (it doesn't tell who specifically has received abundant praise)
It is false that scientific English uses German elements. In fact, it uses Latin and Old Greek elements.
Can you show me what you need help with? Or some work at least thanks