Answer: D. a counterclaim to the idea that most people are moral.
Explanation: a counterclaim is a claim made to rebut an idea, in this case that idea is that most people are moral, according to the excerpt this idea was in a lesson by Socrates. The counterclaim was made by a student named Glaucon who, by telling a story from Plato's Republic, expressed his argument about how the humans couldn't resist the temptation of evil if they knew no one would see them.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Stressful circumstances may force a young person to grow up quickly.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Attract, tempt, and seduce