I think the answer that you're looking for is Manifest Destiny. If its not, than I am sorry! Lol!
By 1000 CE, Europe has not emerged out to be a strong and unique nation as how it is today. French Capetian Dynasty was the only kingdom which started to emerge between 1000 to 1400 CE.
Spain was under the control of Muslim Caliphates at that time.
Many tribal people of Germany who belonged to present day Denmark and Saxons from north Germany invaded Britain in 1000 CE. Roman rule of Britain disappeared gradually and what was remained was distributed among Anglo Saxons.
1. D: Tigris and Euphrates
all the other rivers are in totally different places from the Fertile Crescent.
2. C: Phoenicia
the Phoenicians were known for being masters of the sea.
The answer is today it is only interpreted to include all people while originally it referred only to white men
