The Tongariro complex of volcanic cones and craters was formed by eruptions from at least 12 vents over more than 275,000 years. Erosion during the last Ice Age has worn away what was once a substantial mountain into the world famous hiking destination that it is today.
The global temperature records show the fluctuation of temperature from ocean to landraces and varying extremes. These have existed since the 1850 period when measured from the Pleistocene ice age by the use of various tools and techniques like the weather balloon radioscopy.
Tree ring and ice core data have shown a measuring record from 1000 to 2000 years of data, based on lake sediments, cave deposits and fossils records. The global mean surface temperatures have ranged for over 25 years of span with periods of little ice age and medieval warm periods.
The Ottoman Empire, empire created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor) grew to be one of the most powerful states in the world during the 15th and 16th centuries
