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The Enlightenment, sometimes called the 'Age of Enlightenment', was a late 17th- and 18th-century intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism. The Enlightenment presented a challenge to traditional religious views. Enlightenment thinkers were the liberals of their day.
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Originally used for telling time based on the angles of stars
<span>a. Lister’s work was only made possible by Pasteur’s discoveries.
Pasteur first theorized the cause of infection to be germs. Lister built on the "germ theory" and created the ideas of sterile surgery.
Both Pasteur and Lister are credited for revolutionizing surgery to become a sterile process. Without Pasteur's "germ theory", Lister would not have had a theory to work from. The two scientists also corresponded with one another improving the process for sterilization. </span>
War Communism in Russia involved all of the following except forcing peasants to to join the military. The correct option among all the options given in the question is option "c". It was a fact that peasants had to supply food after keeping a bare minimum for themselves. The banks, factories, mines and railroads were all taken over by the government.
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Since more food was available, their population grew. New areas were settled, which developed into cities. Increased trade routes by roads, waterways and sea ports increased trade for Chines merchants, to other parts of the world.
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