All of the crusades were under the title of "holy war". For a holy war to happen, it had to be sanctioned by the Pope and waged against enemies of Christianity. Therefore this trip to Jerusalem was a pilgrimage because participants would kill non-Christians.
India was first administered by a private company called
East India Company, formed in 1600. The company had its own armies, governing
officials, and a judiciary. The country
was dissatisfied with the Company rule, leading to the Sepoy Rebellion on 1857.
The British Crown intervened and ruled the country in, establishing the British
Raj and completing the British colonization of India. Indians were again
discontented with the Crown, resulting to formation of Indian National Congress
that worked for independence of the country.
The reason why cowboys were portayed like a solitary, strapping white men lies on the fact that that cowboy was a late romantic creation. Essentially, the represented the ideal of freedom.
