Aptitude is the natural capability of a person to perform a certain task successfully without previous knowledge or studies. Therefore, aptitude tests are standardized exams designed to measure and evaluate your aptitude and define your strengths. Some examples are determine if you are able to deal with public, or if you have the abilities to become a pilot; in education they evaluate your aptitudes to determine if you can cope with a certain course.
Achievement tests are also called content test and they are made to review knowledge you have already learned.
- Aptitude tests don't take into consideration previous formation, while achievement tests assess previous knowledge.
- You can prepare and study for the achievement test, while for aptitude tests there isn’t any material to study.
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Answer:
Modernization theory
Explanation:
Modernization theory describes a process whereby a society advances from being traditional or underdeveloped into being a modern society brought about by Industrialization and economic development.
He was a traveller and sailor.
These are elements of the Theory of social learning. This theory was written by Albert Bandura. He explains in his theory that learning processes are governed by certain behavioral and observational processes; Consider that we learn from children first through observation, calling this process modeled, then we learn it through the reinforcement we receive from the people around us.
Finally, another learning process theorist, Festinger, postulates that cognitive dissonances are created when two or more ideas or beliefs occur at the same time and are not compatible with each other. For example, you want to eat something sweet and, at the same time, you worry about gaining weight. And these dissonances are also forms of learning.