A few major cities located on 38 degrees north latitude:
Niigata, Japan
Seoul, South Korea
Shijiazhuang, China
Taiyuan, China
İzmir, Turkey
Athens, Greece
Palermo, Italy
Lisbon, Portugal
Washington D.C., USA
St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Sacramento, USA
Madagascar because the others in the list are not islands. Kilimanjaro is a mountain, mozambique is a country, and victoria is a lake.
I believe that would be Mesopotamia, the seat of the Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations.
Source: Studied this last week. :)