They argue the first event toward democratization is the threat of revolution, then creation of civil society organizations, and lastly an active middle class to provide moderation.
When the citizens demand or threaten revolution, the elites must give up some power to maintain overall power. This is step one and is then up to the creation of organizations to enforce the elites come through with their promises. The middle class aids in providing education but also a vehicle for change. They are more moderate and will not allow the system to go to the extremes of the ordinary citizens or working classes.
Even though the revolutions did not succeed, the forces of liberalism and nationalism triumphed after 1850 because of the ideas of several individuals and artists such as Karl Marx and Gustave Flaubert. Another reason is that the people were made aware of the corrupt and deceitful actions of Napoleon III.<span />
Rural Americans were much more self-sufficient than Urban Americans. They had farms or often went hunting or similar things and didn't rely that much on money and getting manufactured goods or store-bought food. Urban Americans however had other opportunities such as higher chance of chasing their careers or educating themselves or participating in daily life and political events and similar things.
C political leaders and the railroad
