Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves. Transpiration also includes a process called guttation, which is the loss of water in liquid form from the uninjured leaf or stem of the plant, principally through water stomata.
Studies have revealed that about 10 percent of the moisture found in the atmosphere is released by plants through transpiration. The remaining 90 percent is mainly supplied by evaporation from oceans, seas, and other bodies of water (lakes, rivers, streams).
Transpiration and plant leaves
Plants put down roots into the soil to draw water and nutrients up into the stems and leaves. Some of this water is returned to the air by transpiration (when combined with evaporation, the total process is known as evapotranspiration). Transpiration rates vary widely depending on weather conditions, such as temperature, humidity, sunlight availability and intensity, precipitation, soil type and saturation, wind, land slope, and water use and diversion by people. During dry periods, transpiration can contribute to the loss of moisture in the upper soil zone, which can have an effect on vegetation and food-crop fields.
Answer:
0.0177
Explanation:
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease, thereby an individual must have both copies of the CFTR mutant alleles to have this disease. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where p² represents the frequency of the homo-zygous dominant genotype (normal phenotype), q² represents the frequency of the homo-zygous recessive genotype (cystic fibrosis phenotype), and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (individuals that carry one copy of the CFTR mutant allele). Moreover, under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the sum of the dominant 'p' allele frequency and the recessive 'q' allele frequency is equal to 1. In this case, we can observe that the frequency of the homo-zygous recessive condition for cystic fibrosis (q²) is 1/3200. In consequence, the frequency of the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis can be calculated as follows:
1/3200 = q² (have two CFTR mutant alleles) >>
q = √ (1/3200) = 1/56.57 >>
- Frequency of the CFTR allele q = 1/56.57 = 0.0177
- Frequency of the dominant 'normal' allele p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.0177 = 0.9823
Phospholipids will form a bilayer in water because they contain hydrophobic (Water fearing.. in this cause water "hating") tails and hydrophilic heads (water loving). So they form a bilayer to remove the tails from water likewise, this satisfies the hydrophilic heads because they are still exposed to water.
The people who represented the Denisovan species are more likely to be related to <span>Neandertals, rather than human beings (Homo sapiens). The former differs from the latter at 202 positions of the mitochondrial DNA. Their fossil records claim that humans, Denisovans, and Neandertals have the same ancestry. </span>
