Answer:
Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages due to their particular structure while viewed under a microscope, were first identified by scientist Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer, after whom the cells were named, in 1876.
These cells, whose origin is in the yolk sack during fetal development, later on move to the liver where they will stay and further differentiate into their mature versions.
These cells are part of the liver cells, and are found particularly on the walls of the sinusoids, where they perform their two most important tasks. First, these cells are part of the immune system, as they are essentially macrophages. However, their role is pretty unique, as they are responsible not just for phagocytosis of invading bacteria, and other pathogens, and initiating immune responses, but also, this cell plays a role in decomposing red blood cells who are dying, and taking up the hemoglobin from them to further break that into reusable globin, and the heme group, from which iron is further extracted to be re-used and also to create bilirrubin, a part of bile.
Finally, these cells have been found to be connected to hepatic cirrhosis, as in their process of detoxifying ethanol, they produce toxins that force the liver cells to produce collagen, and thus to become fibrous.
Answer:
Please see the answers below in bold type.
Explanation:
1. The scientific study of joints is called arthrology. From the Greek <em>Arthron</em>, joint or articulation. This science studies the anatomy and the function as well as the diseases and treatments associated with joints, such as arthritis.
2. The structural classification of joints divides all joints into three types: cartilaginous, synovial and fibrous. This depends on what tissue the joint is constituted by and on the presence or not of a cavity on one bone where the other one fits. In this case, the only exception is synarthrosis, which is one of the three types of joint (synarthrosis, diarthrosis and amphiarthrosis) in the functional classification of joints.
3. Slightly movable joints are classified as amphiarthrosis. This slight movement is the result of hyaline cartilage that connects the bones. An example is the ribs that are connected to the sternum. The cartilage allows the rib cage to move slightly, for example it expands somewhat when you inhale as you breathe.
4. A synarthrosis, from the Greek <em>syn</em> = together or joined, and <em>arthron</em> a joint, meaning a fused or immobile joint. The only immobile joint listed here is the gomphosis, as the skull suture in infants has cartilage which allows for some movement. A gomphosis is a peg-and-socket joint, and the only example is the tooth. The root of the tooth is the peg which is inserted into its socket.
Answer:
A. Children report more cognitive symptoms than adults, is true regarding panic disorders in children.
Explanation:
A. Children report more cognitive symptoms than adults.
Children with panic disorder are more anxious as compared to adults even when they are not having panic attacks. They report severe cognitive symptoms such as fear of an attack, reluctance to perform well in school, avoiding certain places due to fear of attack called agoraphobia, depression, substance abuse and suicidal behaviors. Hence, children may also need psychotherapy along with panic disorder medications so that they could control their anxiety. Early treatment of panic disorder with cognitive behavioral therapies may prevent complications such as agarophobia, and depression in children.
B. Children experience only cued panic attacks.
Both children and adolescents have unexpected panic attacks which might be triggered by anything which causes anxiety in them. They should have varying periods of fear and discomfort which might last minutes to hours.
C. Children may report a general fear of becoming sick rather than specific physical symptom
A child suffering from panic attacks may have heart-attack like symptoms with a racing heart, fear of death and losing control, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and physical symptoms including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, shortness of breath etc. Moreover, children are also left with an intense fear of another panic attack which might trigger these symptoms. Thus, they become less functional and has a fear of changing places, habits as anything might trigger their symptoms. So, children are more anxious about the physical symptoms ensuing the panic attack and tries their best to avoid it.
Answer:
The correct answer is option B. Production of Intrinsic Factor.
Explanation:
The kidney is a vital organ of the excretory system that plays many roles in the body. Exerting or filtering toxins, drugs, and metabolic wastes. Regulating fluid balance and concentration of the solutes in water, producing renin and erythropoietin and regulating pH which is an acid-base balance.
Intrinsic factor is produced by the parietal cell of the stomach which is essential to the absorption of the vitamin B12 in the small intestine.
Thus, the correct answer is option B. Production of Intrinsic Factor.
