Answer:
20.1%
Explanation:
In capital asset prcing model (CAPM), cost of equity (or cost of retained earnings in this context) is calculated as below:
<em>Cost of equity = risk-free rate of return + beta x (market index return - risk-free rate of return)</em>
Please note that <em>(market index return - risk-free rate of return)</em> is equal to <em>market risk premium</em>
Putting all the number together, we have:
Cost of equity/retained earnings = 2.5% + 2.2 x 8% = 20.1%
<em>Note: The dividend growth rate, tax rate & stock standard deviation is not relevant in answering the question.</em>
The process through which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then moves up, eventually displacing established companies, is referred to as <u>Disruptive Innovation</u>.
In a business idea, disruptive innovation is an innovation that creates a brand new market and price network or enters at the lowest of an existing market and in the end displaces established marketplace-leading companies, products, and alliances.
Disruptive innovation refers to using a generation that upsets a structure, instead of "disruptive technology", which refers back to the era itself. Amazon, launched as an online bookstall in the mid-Nineties, is an example of disruptive innovation.
Disruptive innovation is the manner by using which a smaller enterprise—normally with fewer sources—moves upmarket and demanding situations larger, hooked-up corporations.
Learn more about disruptive innovation here brainly.com/question/17185200
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Answer:
None of the above
Explanation:
Companies can shorten their cash cycles by turning over their inventory faster. The quicker a company sells its goods, the sooner it takes in cash from cash and credit card sales and begins its accounts receivable aging. Inventory turnover has no impact on the cash cycles of service companies with no inventory.
Answer:
J.S. Bach used some dynamic terms, including forte, piano, più piano, and pianissimo (although written out as full words), and in some cases it may be that ppp was considered to mean pianissimo in this period.
