Answer:
a. Alito is far more conservative than O'Connor
Explanation:
The change is significant because O'Connor was a moderate Republican, while Alito is considered by many one of the most conservative justices on the Court. Therefore, it is fair to state that Alito is far more conservative than O'Connor.
The answer is alternative a.
Answer:

Explanation:
The formula for apparent brightness is given by the next inequation:

Where B equals apparent brightnes, L equals luminosity and D equals distance.
SO we just have to clear distance from the formula and are left with the inequation to calculate distance:

Answer:
The passage commits a fallacy and specifically commits a false cause fallacy
Explanation:
A fallacy is a sort of faulty reasoning that makes a faulty argument. A fallacy usually denoted an error in logical form of an argument, it could also be formal or informal.
A fallacy of false cause is a kind of fallacy that makes a wrong conclusion from a premise that is usually arbitrary or imaginary. Example, how can the speaker above be so sure that the individual going to Las Vegas would end up exactly the way he had said it.
Answer:
(A) only applies to amendments added before 1850
Explanation:
I hope I can help you :)