COPD, emphysema, bronchitis , and asthma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which incorporates chronic bronchitis.
<h3>What about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?</h3>
- COPD symptoms include persistent coughing or wheezing.
- Excessive sputum or phlegm.
- Respiration difficulty.
- The signs and symptoms include wheezing, expulsion mucus (sputum), and trouble breathing.
- It's frequently brought on by prolonged exposure to irritant gases or particulates, most often from cigarette smoke.
- Heart disease, carcinoma , and a variety of other diseases are more likely to occur in people with COPD.
- In around 9 out of each 10 cases, smoking is regarded to be the first cause of COPD.
- The lining of the lungs and airways can get damaged by the toxic compounds in smoke.
- Quitting smoking can help stop the deterioration of COPD.
- Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers are the initial line of therapy for the bulk of COPD patients.
- Breathing is formed easier by bronchodilators, which relax and expand the airways.
- Short-acting bronchodilator inhalers are available in two varieties: beta-2 agonist inhalers, like salbutamol and terbutaline.
- For those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have (or are in danger for) hypercapnia, an excessive amount of oxygen can be harmful.
- Patients with hypercapnia are frequently over oxygenated, despite established standards and acknowledged danger.
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Answer:
The answer is Honey.
Explanation:
For my concept the best sweetener is and will continue to be honey, because it is a natural product without any other chemical or preparation components that alter its natural condition.
Answer:
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the commonest causes of medication error in developed countries, particularly in the elderly due to poly-therapy, with a prevalence of 20-40%. In particular, poly-therapy increases the complexity of therapeutic management and thereby the risk of clinically important DDIs, which can both induce the development of adverse drug reactions or reduce the clinical efficacy. DDIs can be classify into two main groups: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. In this review, using Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and Reference lists we searched articles published until June 30 2012, and we described the mechanism of pharmacokinetic DDIs focusing the interest on their clinical implications.
Keywords: Absorption, adverse drug reaction, distribution, drug-drug interactions, excretion, metabolism, poly-therapy
Answer: 1. Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.
2. Plasma is the main component of blood and consists mostly of water, with proteins, ions, nutrients, and wastes mixed in. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. White blood cells are part of the immune system and function in immune response.
3.Within the bone marrow, all blood cells originate from a single type of unspecialized cell called a stem cell. When a stem cell divides, it first becomes an immature red blood cell, white blood cell, or platelet-producing cell.
4. Epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla, raise blood pressure by increasing heart rate and the contractility of the heart muscles and by causing vasoconstriction of arteries and veins. These hormones are secreted as part of the fight‐or‐flight response.
Patents on allergy relief medications like Allegra and Claritin give the pharmaceutical companies that own the patents a sustainable competitive advantage for 17 years until the patent expires.
A sustainable competitive advantage is one which cannot be duplicated by the competitors of a pharmaceutical company, particularly in this instance, at the minimum up to the expiry of the patent.
A competitive advantage is a collection of distinctive characteristics of a company as well as its products which are recognized by the target market as noteworthy and superlative to the competition.
It can include factor or factors due to which the customers are liable to patronize a particular company and not its competition.
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