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What types of waves are sound and light? Explain how they would be classified based on the direction of their particle movement

Llana [10]

Answer:

Longitudinal versus Transverse Waves versus Surface Waves

One way to categorize waves is on the basis of the direction of movement of the individual particles of the medium relative to the direction that the waves travel. Categorizing waves on this basis leads to three notable categories: transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and surface waves.

A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves. Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the slinky on the left end by vibrating the first coil up and down. Energy will begin to be transported through the slinky from left to right. As the energy is transported from left to right, the individual coils of the medium will be displaced upwards and downwards. In this case, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction that the pulse moves. This type of wave is a transverse wave. Transverse waves are always characterized by particle motion being perpendicular to wave motion.

A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves. Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the slinky on the left end by vibrating the first coil left and right. Energy will begin to be transported through the slinky from left to right. As the energy is transported from left to right, the individual coils of the medium will be displaced leftwards and rightwards. In this case, the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction that the pulse moves. This type of wave is a longitudinal wave. Longitudinal waves are always characterized by particle motion being parallel to wave motion.

A sound wave traveling through air is a classic example of a longitudinal wave. As a sound wave moves from the lips of a speaker to the ear of a listener, particles of air vibrate back and forth in the same direction and the opposite direction of energy transport. Each individual particle pushes on its neighboring particle so as to push it forward. The collision of particle #1 with its neighbor serves to restore particle #1 to its original position and displace particle #2 in a forward direction. This back and forth motion of particles in the direction of energy transport creates regions within the medium where the particles are pressed together and other regions where the particles are spread apart. Longitudinal waves can always be quickly identified by the presence of such regions. This process continues along the chain of particles until the sound wave reaches the ear of the listener. A detailed discussion of sound is presented in another unit of The Physics Classroom Tutorial.

Explanation:

3 0

3 years ago

A model train running on an inclined track is part of a closed system that has

KATRIN_1 [288]

Taking into account the definition of kinetic, potencial and mechanical energy, the correct answer is option B: the gravitational potential energy of the system increases from 2 J to 66 J.

<h3>Kinetic energy</h3>

Kinetic energy is a form of energy. It is defined as the energy associated with bodies that are in motion and this energy depends on the mass and speed of the body.

Kinetic energy is defined as the amount of work necessary to accelerate a body of a given mass and at rest, until it reaches a given speed. Once this point is reached, the amount of accumulated kinetic energy will remain the same unless there is a change in speed or the body returns to its state of rest by applying a force.

<h3>Potential energy</h3>

On the other hand, potential energy is the energy that measures the ability of a system to perform work based on its position. In other words, this is the energy that a body has at a certain height above the ground.

Gravitational potential energy is the energy associated with the gravitational force. This will depend on the relative height of an object to some reference point, the mass, and the force of gravity.

<h3>Mechanical energy</h3>

Finally, mechanical energy is that which a body or a system obtains as a result of the speed of its movement or its specific position, and which is capable of producing mechanical work. Then:

Potential energy + kinetic energy = total mechanical energy

The principle of conservation of mechanical energy indicates that the mechanical energy of a body remains constant when all the forces acting on it are conservative (a force is conservative when the work it does on a body depends only on the initial and final points and not the path taken to get from one to the other.)

Therefore, if the potential energy decreases, the kinetic energy will increase. In the same way, if the kinetics decreases, the potential energy will increase.

<h3>Gravitational potential energy of the system in this case</h3>

The principle of conservation of mechanical energy can be applied in this case.

A model train running on an inclined track is part of a closed system that has 316 J of mechanical energy.

The kinetic energy of the train is 314 J at the beginning.

Replacing in the definition of mechanical energy:

Potential energy + 314 J = 316 J

and solving you get:

Potential energy = 316 J - 314 J

<u><em>Potential energy= 2 J</em></u>

Then, the potential energy of the train is 2 J at the beginning.

The kinetic energy of the train is 250 J at the end.

Replacing in the definition of mechanical energy:

Potential energy + 250 J = 316 J

and solving you get:

Potential energy = 316 J - 250 J

<u><em>Potential energy= 66 J</em></u>

Then, the potential energy of the train is 66 J at the end.

Finally, the correct answer is option B: the gravitational potential energy of the system increases from 2 J to 66 J.

Learn more about mechanical energy:

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#SPJ1

4 0

2 years ago

Which is true of electric cars?

postnew [5]

Electric cars offer significantly lower fuel costs compared with traditional gas-powered cars.

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

The energy from the sun is produced in the core through the process of nuclear fusion. The photons travel through the sun and ar

Mazyrski [523]

Answer:

8 min 20 seconds

Explanation:

Radiation from the sun travels as light through the vacuum of space. Therefore, it is travelling at the speed of light which is roughly 300,000 km/s. If we divide this speed by the average distance between the Sun and the Earth (150,000,000 km) we would get a total of 500 seconds. We can now turn this total time into minutes which would be roughly 8 min and 20 seconds. Therefore, it would take a total of 8 min 20 seconds for radiation from the Sun to reach Earth.

3 0

3 years ago

****PLEASE HELP!!!!!!*********

Musya8 [376]

My best bet would be passing antibodies from mother to baby through breastmilk since the antibodies are not being produced from the baby, instead it is given by someone else which would be temporary.

5 0

3 years ago