I would say the answer is d. just as
This is because you are comparing the similarities between two things. The other words either contrast the two things or explain the relationship instead of comparing it.
He was suprised but scared because he was alone
The correct answer is A: the consent of the people.
Jefferson makes it very clear that the source of a government's authority is the consent of the people. He uses the phrase "consent of the governed," which means the people (since they are the ones who are governed).
He does not believe a government's authority comes from tradition, the military, or a leader.